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 Intel - integrated electronics       .            Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory,    Fairchild Semiconductor.            Intel,     ,        .       Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory   :     ,           8-                 1,5-2    .        , ,   ,      ,    ,  , -           ,    -    -,   ,       .        .   Fairchild Semiconductor,   ,   Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory     , ..   .      :   ,  ,   ,  ,      -       ,        .   ,  ,             ,   ,   ,        .  ,  .   ,       , 50-90%       .  ,      ,          ,     .              .   -            ,     .                .    ,    , ,          ,     ,   , ,   .  1959             ,              pn-                 .             .        .   ,       ,      ENIAC -     , -         .     ,         -      .    Fairchild Semiconductor      ,    - Intel.  Intel   ,     : Fairchild Semiconductor  Texas Instruments.       ,   .      ,     .          1103      .     4-  ,        -     .    Intel         .      .       ,         ,   .      ,      ,     .     ,      -   .        ,     -    .         .

,  1985-  Intel     -  ,    ,          .     ,     Intel        .

 1969   Intel     Busicom -   ,   .              .     ,     .      ,     ,      ,        .       . ,   , ,   ,              ,      .       .    .   .     .  ,    1969   ,    ,     : 4- , ROM    , RAM            - ,   ..        1970-   4001.    run (  , , ),    .    4002         4003.      4004      .   ,   .      4000 -  , -     16- : 4001  ROM  2   4-    -; 4002  RAM  4-  ; 4003   10-  -      ;  4004  4- ӻ.          .          .

 4004            - ENIAC -   . 4004   60000   ,    5000  ENIAC,         -     1/6  1/8 . ENIAC     3000     30 .      ,        .    --,               .   1971   4000,    MCS-4,       .   -        -     .  1969    Computer Terminal (CTC)  Intel. -         Datapoint 2000.     100  (-  ),        ,         .    .  ,         ,  Intel          ,       .     -  1201.   1201 ,  Intel       ,   :     1201.   1970      ,  1201 -     .    .  ,        ,  ,         Seiko,     .  (   Datapoint),      ,  Intel          .    Intel     1201.  1201     4004.   ,    8- .  .   4004.    1201.   ,             MCS-8, (Micro Computer System 8-bit),    8008, 8080   ,    1972 ,      .   MCS-8,    ,      ,     ,    8080       Intel     8- .

        286 ,     .           6 .      