&~*10     
 *

    
   
   
.  
   
  
  
 .  
  
,  
  ,  
,   
 .  
  
,  
  , 
 ,   
   
 ,  
  --
.   --
 . 
  -
  
,  
  - 
 ( 
 ).  
    
   
   
  , 
 
. 

,    
 ,  
    
  
  
. 

Brain 

     
  
.    
  , 
  ,  
   
 .  
    
    (Amdjat 
 Basit Faroog Alvi),  
   1986 ,  
    1987
.  ,  
     
 18  . 
     
   
:  
   
 ,  
   
 .  Brain  
     
-. ,   
 e , 
     
e . 

Jerusalem 

     1988
   -   
 .   
  13- .  
   MS-DOS, 
  
.    
  ,  
   
  
 -  13- -  
    
  .    
     
  
.  
     
,   
  
  
 . 

  

   
   
 1988 .  
-   
    
.  
    
 , , 
 ,  .   
?   
  
   
. - -  
   ,   
  , . 
      
,    
 96  . 

Michelangelo (March6 ) 

     
 . , 
   
   
.   
   
 ,    
,     
  6 .   
   , 
   
  , 
,    
    . 
    1992
.      
 , 
 . 
 , 
   
  ,  
       
   10000
. 

 (CIH) 

    
 .   1998
  , 
    
.  , 
    
   , 
   
,    
 (26 )  
,  
    
    
.  
    
 1999 .   
    
300  ,  
   . 
    
  26  
    
,     
   
   . 

Melissa 

  1999 .  
  
 .   
  MS Word  
    
  
   MS Outlook. 
   
 ,   
    
    $100 
. 

ILOVEYOU (  ) 

  2000   
 ,  
   . 
   
  I LOVE 
YOU    . 
   
,  
    , 
    
 ,  
    
 .   
  : 10%  
   
   
,   
   $5,5 
. 

Nimda. 2001  

   
 admin ,  
. ,   
,  
    
.   
   
 , 
   , 
IP-  ..    
   
  ,  
  22   
    
   
 . 

My Doom. 2004  

   
 .  
  :  
  
   , 
 .  , 
  
 , 
    
  
,   
    
 Microsoft.   
  DDOS-   
Microsoft. 

Conficker. 2008  

    
  
    
  
.   
  
 Microsoft Windows. 
   12 
   
e .  : 
   
Windows,   
 ,   
  RPC-
  , 
    
 Windows,   
     
 .&~