      

 1760              .       .      ,   , , ,        .  1823       ,        .        .  1863             .     ,      .       1884       .    . 9  1884          .  1902         ,    7000 !  1908      -       .        .      .  1960      .    1980-    .       4000   .   1990-        ,  .  1995   K2      ,            .  1997       Upsidedown,      Damocles    .     ,  (     ,  ),  (    ,    ),  (   ,          )    .            USD           . 